Ruta Graveolens
Ruta Graveolens
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Uses for Ruta Graveolens
Ruta
graveolens, also known as Herb-of-Grace and common rue, is an
ornamental plant appreciated for its bright yellow flowers, which
contrast with its velvety, bluish-green foliage. The plant is also
valued as a culinary herb in Greek and Mediterranean cuisine. In terms
of medicine, Ruta graveolens has historically been used to treat
inflammatory conditions, menstrual disorders, parasitic infections and
fever. Today, rue is more commonly used in homeopathy to treat bruises,
sprains, varicose veins and rheumatism.
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Culinary Use
The bitter leaves
of rue are a traditional seasoning in many Mediterranean countries
where it is used to flavor meats, fish, salads, sauces and egg and
cheese dishes. In Africa, especially in Ethiopia, the fresh leaves are
used to flavor coffee, while the dried berries and leaves are part of a
classic seasoning mix called “berbere.” Rue is also used to flavor
liquors. In fact, “grappa,” the national alcoholic beverage of Italy,
incorporates rue leaves as a flavoring.
Horticulture
Rue is cultivated
as a perennial ornamental plant for borders and walkways. The flowers
and leaves are gathered to add to nosegays and wreaths, or are pressed
to make flower prints.
Perfumery
Although rue
imparts a pungent aroma, it is combined with other botanicals and used
in the production of fragrances and cosmetic toiletries. It is best
known as an aromatic additive to the fragrance oil of sweet pea, which
is one of the few botanicals from which a true essential oil cannot be
extracted.
Medicinal Applications
Ruta graveolens
has several pharmacological effects. According to the “Physicians’ Desk
Reference for Herbal Medicines,” the herb is antimicrobial,
antispasmodic, photosensitizing and an abortifactant. John M. Riddle,
author of “Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the
Renaissance,” mentions that rue contains an alkaloid called pilocarpine,
which is used in veterinary medicine to induce abortion in horses.
According to a paper published in the March 1995 issue of The Italian
Journal of Neurological Sciences, it’s also the standard agent given to
lab mice to induce epilepsy for the purpose of study and
experimentation.
On
other hand, this alkaloid has a long history of successful use in
treating glaucoma and is marketed under several trade names, such as
Pilopine HS, Isopto and Diocarpine. Pilocarpine is also an antidote to
atropine poisoning.
Ruta
graveolens should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of
miscarriage. In addition, the presence of furocoumarine increases
photosensitivity, even following skin contact with the leaves.