Mimusops Elengi

Mimusops Elengi




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Common name: Spanish cherry
Hindi: Maulsari मौलसरी
Urdu: Kirakuli किराकुली
Manipuri: বোকুল লৈ Bokul lei
Tamil: மகிழம்பூ Magizhamboo
Malayalam: Ilanni
Bengali: Bakul
Marathi: Bakuli
Konkani: Omval
Kannada: Ranjal
Gujarati: Barsoli
Nepali: मौलसरी Maulasari, लंकासानी Lankaasaani, वकुल पुष्प Vakul Pushpa
Botanical name: Mimusops elengi   
Family: Sapotaceae (Mahua family)

Bakul (Maulsari) Information and Medicinal Uses

Mimusops elengi (Indian Medlar, Bulletwood tree, Bakul or Maulsari) is an evergreen tree with sweet scented flowers and it is often grown as garden tree. It is a medicinal tree with edible parts. This tree is especially useful in treating gum problems and dental disorders such as bleeding gums, loose teeth, sensitive teeth, cavities etc. Its tender parts are used as tooth brush. The bark and seed coat are used for strengthening the gum. It is used under the name of Vajradanti, in preparation of various herbal tooth powders along with many other ingredients such as catechu, pomegranate bark etc. Its fruits are eaten raw and also prepared as pickle. The bark of tree is used to improve fertility in women. The fruits are edible and used to treat chronic dysentery. They have astringent action. The seeds exhibits purgative action.

Vernacular names

Ayurvedic/Sanskrit: Anangaka, Bakula, Chirapushpa, Dhanvi, Gudhpushpa, Kantha, Karuka, Kesha, Mukula, Padyamoda, Sharadika, Sindhugandha, Simhakeshaa, Sthirmukhgandha, Surabhi Tailanga, Varalahdha, Visharada
  1. UNANI: Maulsiri, GUJARATI: Babhuli, Bolsari, Varsoli, Vovoli
  2. HINDI: Bakul, Bolsari, Maulsarau, Maulser, Maulsari
  3. TAMIL: Alagu, Ilangi, Kesaram, Kosaram, Magil, Magilam, Vagulam
  4. TELUGU: Pogada
  5. KANNADA: Pagademara
  6. PUNJABI: Maulsari, Maulsiri
  7. BENGALI: Bakal, Bakul, Bohl, Bukal
  8. MARATHI: Bakhor, Bakula, Barsoli, Ovalli, Owli, Vavoli, Wovali, Wowli
  9. MALAYALAM: Elengi, Ilanni, Iranni, Makuram, Bakulam
  10. NEPALESE: Bakulapuspa
  11. SINHALESE: Munemal
  12. GERMAN: Affengesict
  13. FRENCH: karanicum, BURMESE: Kaya, MALAYSIAN: Enengi, THAI: Pikul
  14. ENGLISH: Spanish-Cherry, West Indian Medlar, Bullet Wood
  15. TRADE NAME: Bulletwood

Distribution in India

Mimusops elengi tree is the native of India.
It is cultivated in North and Peninsular India and Andaman Islands. It is grown as an avenue tree in many parts of India.

Tree description

Large evergreen tree with dark grey fissured bark and densely spreading crown;Leaves oblong, glabrous and leathery with wavy margins, Flowers white, fragrant, axillary, solitary or fascicled, Fruits ovoid or ellipsoid berries, Seeds 1-2 per fruit, ovoid, compressed, greyish brown and shiny.
Propagation: by seeds and cutting

Main Constituents

Leaves: sterols, reducing sugars and tannins, Roots: a steroidal saponin, Stem bark: spinasterol and taraxerol, flowers, D-mannitol, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol- D-glycoside;Seeds: pentacyclic triterpene acids, mimusopic and mimusopsic acids.
Part used: bark, flower, fruit, seeds

Medicinal Action of Various parts of Mimusops elengi (Bulletwood tree, Bakul or Maulsari)

ActionMeaningPart of tree
AntiprotozoalDestroys protozoa or inhibits their growth and ability to reproduceStem
AntimicrobialWorks against microbesBark
AntiviralWorks against virusBark
AntiulcerInhibits ulcer formationBark
AnthelminticDestroy parasitic wormsLeaf
AntipyreticFever reducing LeafLeaf
Anti-inflammatoryReduce inflammationLeaf, bark
Anti-hyperlipidemicActing to prevent or counteract the accumulation of lipids in the bloodBark
Anti-hyperglycemicCounteracting the accumulation of excess sugar in the bloodBark
AntioxidantInhibits damaging oxidizing agents in a living cellsLeaf, fruit
AntihypertensiveEffective against high blood pressureLeaf
AntiurolithiaticPreventing the formation of urinary calculiBark
AntidiabeticControls glucose levelStem bark, Leaf
AnalgesicPain relievingLeaf
AntianxietyPrevent or relieve anxietyBark
AnticonvulsantPrevent or reduce the severity of epileptic fits or other convulsionsBark
DiureticIncreased passing of urineBark
Wound healingHeals woundStem bark
Larvicidal activityKills larvaeBark
Molluscicidal activityKills molluscs (mainly snails and slugs)Leaf, Bark, Seed
AntiulcerInhibits formation of ulcerBark
Cardiotonictonic effect on the action of the heartBark

Medicinal Uses of Bakul

Bulletwood tree, Bakul or Maulsari tree is a medicinal tree. For medicinal purpose its leaves, fruit, bark and flowers are used. The flowers, bark and fruits are astringent in action. Bark is used as tonic, astringent, and to reduce fever. The leaves are used as antidote to snake-bite. The pulp of the fruit is used in curing chronic dysentery. Dried flowers powder is used as brain tonic. Seeds of tree are purgative. The aerial parts are diuretic in action.
Tingling sensation of teeth:Massage gums with powdered bark.
Toothache, Tooth Decay, Gum Bleeding, Bad breath, Pyorrhea, Inflammation in mouth:Decoction of bark is prepared and as used as mouth wash.
Toothache: Bark powder is applied.
Teeth cleaning, strengthening gums: Tender twigs are used for teeth cleaning.
Loose teeth: Unripe fruits are used as masticatory.
Improving fertility in women: Fruit pulp is eaten.
Promoting delivery: Ripe fruit is given to promote delivery.
Causing miscarriage or abortion: Fruits are sometimes used for abortion. 

Eyesight weakness, Diseases of Eyes: 7-14 ml. leaf juice is taken twice daily with honey.
Brain tonic: The powder of dried flower is eaten as brain tonic.
Chronic diarrhea, Weakness after diarrhea: The fruit pulp is eaten.
Headache:The dried flower powder is used a snuff in case of headache.
Dosage of Maulsiri: Bark, Seed:10-20g paste and Decoction 50-100ml.

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